具有独立轮轻轨列车的脱轨问题及轮缘侧面磨耗研究

针对目前具有独立轮转向架的低地板面轻轨列车所发生的脱轨问题和轮缘严重磨耗问题，从轮轨系统的基本关系出发，分析了传统刚性轮对与独立轮对的导向机理和特点，建立了具有独立轮特点的计算机仿真模型，采用MATLAB／SIMULINK仿真工具计算模拟了实际脱轨现象，并对各种可能导致脱轨和轮缘磨耗的因素进行了分析。对可以控制的因素，如踏面外形、轮轨润滑、运行速度、护轨间隙等进行了综合治理，使轮轨磨耗大为降低，抑制了脱轨事故，获得良好的经济和社会效益。在设计、运用和维护3个方面，提出了如何提高脱轨安全性和轮缘减磨的系统性建议。

Study on Derailment and Flange Side-wear of Tramway Vehicles with Independently-rotating Wheels

Focusing on severe wheel flange/rail side wear and a series of derailments of tramway vehicles with independently rotating wheels, an investigation has been carried out by comparison against solid wheelsets. Based on MATLAB/SIMULINK and a self-developed simulation model considering the IRWs, derailments have been simulated with results of possible causes of such derailments. Efforts have been made to fulfill comprehensive treatment of controllable factors such as the wheel profile, lubrication, clearance between check rail and high rail etc. Flange wear has been reduced significantly and derailment accidents have been inhibited. Good economic and social benefits have been achieved. A systematic proposal is given on how to minimize flange wear and enhance the safety against derailment in the respect of design, operation and maintenance.