冰雪路面摩擦特性与运营风险管控研究综述

冰雪路面的交通安全问题一直是中国交通行业面对的难题，对冰雪路面运营风险进行智能管控是保障交通安全的有效途径。为了推动冰雪路面智能管控技术的应用，明确研究中的关键问题和未来发展方向，综述了国内外冰雪路面智能管控的相关研究进展。首先，阐述了冰雪对交通带来的影响，揭示了人、车、路三者与交通事故的关系，明确了冰雪路面交通事故的根本诱因是由冰雪导致的路面摩擦特性下降；然后，讨论了冰雪路面的胎-冰-路摩擦机理、影响因素、预估模型及其评价方法；进而，对比分析了路表冰雪状态感知技术的多种原理及其适用性，提出了可以用于智能管控的冰雪感知技术要求；最后，总结归纳了常见的冰雪路面运营的静态、动态风险管控方式，其中静态管控方式包括气象法、历史事故数据法和力学特性法，动态方式包括动力学特性法、交通流特性法和综合风险分析法，综合风险分析法可以表征道路运营风险的多因素动态变化，是未来冰雪路面智能管控的主要方式。

Review on Friction Characteristics and Operation Risk Intelligent Management of Ice and Snow Pavement

The traffic safety of ice and snow pavement has always been the difficult problem to be solved in transportation industry. Intelligent management of operation risk is an effective way to ensure traffic safety. The research progress of ice and snow pavement intelligent management at home and abroad was overviewed to promote the development of ice and snow pavement intelligent management technology and clarify the key issues and future direction. First, the impact of ice and snow on traffic were expounded, which reveals the relationship between people, vehicles, pavement and traffic accidents. It is clear that the root cause of the accident is the decline of pavement friction caused by ice and snow. Subsequently, the mechanism, influencing factors, prediction model and evaluation method of tire-ice-pavement friction on ice and snow pavement are discussed. Moreover, the operating principle and pavement engineering applicability of pavement snow and ice state sensing technology were compared and analyzed to put forward the technical requirements.Finally, the static and dynamic risk assessment and management methods are summarized. The static methods include meteorological method, historical accident data method and mechanical method, and the dynamic methods include vehicle dynamic method, traffic flow method and comprehensive risk assessment method. The comprehensive risk assessment method can represent the multi-factor dynamic change of road operation risk, which will be the way for intelligent management of ice and snow pavement in the future.