船体表面海洋污损生物附着规律分析

阐述了海洋污损生物的在船体表面的附着过程,分析了海水温度、盐度、水体流速、海水透明度以及附着基材料性质对污损生物附着情况的影响状况,基于实船调查,探讨了船舶水线区、船艏、船舯、船艉、船底、螺旋桨、舵等7大浸水部位污损情况的差异,获得船体表面海洋污损生物附着的初步规律,认为船体表面污损生物的附着种类和数量与船舶的类型、航线、营运性质等都有关系,船底是船舶污损最为严重的部位,船艏的附着量比船舯和船艉要小,螺旋桨和舵的污损不是很严重,附着的主要是粘附力极强的底栖生物,藻类是水带线附近的优势附着种。此结论可为研制高效、环保的防污手段提供参考依据。

The analysis of biofouling occurrence trends on ship hull surface

The attachment process of marine biofouling on hull surface is illustrated and presented in the paper. The influences of temperature of sea water, salinity, the speed of flowing water, the transparency of sea water and are analyzed on biofouling attachment as well as attachment material properties. Based on realistic survey of ships, some initial regular attachments of marine biofouling are obtained by discussing the fouling differences of immersion site in seven parts including ship waterline area, bow, midship, stern, bilged, propeller and rudder, considering the facts that the attachment types and quantities of fouling organism are related to the types, course and operating nature of ships. The most serious biofouling occurrence part is bilge, and the attachment quantity of bow is smaller than stern. The fouling of propeller and rudder are not so serious, where the attachments are mostly benthonic organism which has a strong adhesion force. The dominant attachment species is algae. The knowledge gained in this study provides some references to develop efficient and environmental antifouling technologies.