Dilated-polyhedron-based DEM analysis of the ice resistance on ship hulls in escort operations in level ice |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China;2. Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;1. School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Dalian University of Technology (DUT), NO-116024, Dalian, China;2. Department of Marine Technology and Centre for Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (AMOS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, 7491, Norway;1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China;2. School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China;3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Port and Ocean Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China;2. School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China;3. Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, YRCC, Zhengzhou, 450003, China;4. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | The ice resistance on ships in escort operations in level ice are investigated using the discrete element method (DEM). A dilated polyhedron—generated by the Minkowski sum of a sphere and a polyhedron—is employed in the DEM; this dilated polyhedron-based DEM (DPDEM) is adopted to simulate the ship–ice interaction, wherein the contact force and bond-failure criterion are considered for the collision and fracture of sea ice, respectively. A three-point bending test was simulated with DPDEM, and a field test was conducted in the Bohai Sea to validate the DEM results. Further, a parametric analysis of flexural strength was conducted to identify the parameters involved in the bond-failure criterion. The ice resistance on icebreakers and cargo ships in level ice are simulated using DPDEM. The simulated ice resistances are compared with the Lindqvist and Riska formulas and the model test, which proves the validity of the DEM simulation. The interaction between ships and level ice is simulated parametrically to investigate the ice resistance on cargo ships with and without the icebreaker escort. Influencing factors such as ship speed, ice thickness, and ship breadth were examined to investigate the ice resistance on the escorted cargo ship. Analysis and change rules of the ice resistance on cargos affected by those factors were given. |
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| Keywords: | Dilated polyhedron Discrete element method Ice resistance Level ice Escort in level ice |
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