不同动力电池新能源货运配送车辆节能减排绩效评价研究

为研究新能源货运车辆装配不同动力电池对节能减排的影响，选取某款新能源货运配送车辆为研究对象，利用GaBi软件建立了3种常用动力电池的整车生命周期评价模型，从原材料获取、生产制造、装配、运行使用、报废回收5个阶段进行节能减排差异分析，并对全球变暖潜值 （Global Warming Potential，GWP） 等环境影响类型进行归一化处理和量化计算处理。结果表明，分别装配3种电池整车的化石能源消耗以煤炭为主、环境排放以CO2为主；纯电动汽车的能源消耗、污染物排放集中在运行使用阶段；综合比较，装配了三元锂电池的整车，其全生命周期节能减排效果最佳，装配了锰酸锂电池的整车则表现最差。加大清洁能源的使用力度、减少用于电力生产的化石能源消耗、提高回收率等措施，可以显著减少污染物排放。

Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Evaluation for New Energy Freight Trucks with Different Power Batteries

To investigate the impact of different power batteries on energy saving and emission reduction in new energy freight trucks, this paper selected a new energy freight truck as the research object, and established a vehicle life cycle evaluation model using GaBi software for three commonly used power batteries.Energy savings and emission reductions are analyzed across five stages, i. e. raw material acquisition,production and manufacturing, assembly, operation, and scrap recycling. The environmental impacts including the global warming potential (GWP) are quantitatively calculated and normalized. The results show that coal dominates the fossil energy consumption of vehicles equipped with three types of batteries,and the main environmental emission is CO. The energy consumption and pollutant emissions of pure electric vehicles are concentrated during the operation stage. After comprehensive comparison, the whole life cycle energy saving and emission reduction effect of the vehicle equipped with ternary lithium battery is found to be the most significant, while the vehicle equipped with lithium manganate battery exhibits the least favorable performance. Increasing the use of clean energy, reducing the consumption of fossil energy for power production and improving the recovery rate can significantly reduce pollutant emissions.