破除行政垄断是铁路改革必须解决的核心问题

行政性垄断对市场经济秩序造成干扰，危害很大。铁路一直是行业性行政垄断与市场垄断高 度混杂的典型领域，这也为行业的现代治理增加了难度，但铁路不应该是市场经济的法外之地。 我国法治建设中对行政性垄断的规制正逐渐明晰，先后实施的《反不正当竞争法》《反垄断法》和 公平竞争审查制度都不同程度地推进了这一过程，已初步形成治理基础。由各类铁路企业共同组 成的铁路行业市场，具有进行反垄断经济分析的特殊意义。必须进一步完善反垄断与公平竞争审 查制度的立法与执法，同时深化铁路的根本性、全局性、制度性改革，通过核心中间性服务的公 共化、透明化独立运行，构建行业内部市场的平等竞争秩序与规则，铲除行业性行政垄断的土壤。

Breaking Administrative Monopoly is the Core Issue to be Solved in Railway Reform

The administrative monopoly interferes with the market economic order and it is very harmful. Railway has always been a typical field of highly mixed industry administrative monopoly and market monopoly that increased the difficulty of modern management in the industry, but railway industry should not be an extraterritorial place of market economy. The regulation of administrative monopoly is becoming clear in the construction of the rule of law in China. The Anti-unfair Competition Law, Antimonopoly Law and Fair Competition Review System, which have been implemented successively have promoted this process to different degrees, have initially formed the governance foundation. The railway industry market, which is composed of various railway enterprises, has the special significance of antimonopoly economic analysis. The legislation and enforcement of the anti-monopoly and Fair Competition Review System must be further improved. The fundamental, overall and institutional reform of the railway must be deepen. The equal competition order and rules in the internal market of the industry can be built through the public and transparent independent operation of core intermediary services that completely break the industrial administrative monopoly.