基于扩展TAM的车路协同系统驾驶人接受度研究

车路协同系统（Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System，CVIS）已成为智能交通领域的前沿技术和研究热点。世界各国都在致力于CVIS的研发、试验、示范应用和效用评估。然而CVIS的服务对象是驾驶人，在其正式投入使用之前研究驾驶人对CVIS的主观接受度及其影响因素非常重要。基于此，以基础的技术接受模型（Technology Acceptance Model，TAM）为理论框架，在基础变量（感知有用性、感知易用性、态度和使用意图）的基础上，引入预警服务质量、分心感知、个人创新和信任度4个扩展变量，建立扩展TAM，分析驾驶人对CVIS的主观接受度及其影响因素。首先，通过在线调查收集392名驾驶人对CVIS的技术接受问卷；然后，使用Cronbach's α和验证性因子分析检验问卷的信效度；最后，采用路径分析探究驾驶人对CVIS的接受度及其影响因素。研究结果表明：基础TAM变量之间的关系与基础模型假设一致；CVIS的预警服务质量通过感知有用性、感知易用性和态度间接影响使用意图；驾驶人对CVIS的分心感知对其态度和使用意图没有负向影响；驾驶人的个人创新不仅直接影响使用意图，而且通过态度间接影响使用意图；驾驶人对CVIS的信任度是使用意图的直接影响因素，也通过其他变量间接影响使用意图。研究结果有助于了解驾驶人对CVIS的接受度及其影响因素，并为CVIS的设计提供理论依据。

Driver's Acceptance of Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure System Based on Extended TAM

The cooperative vehicle infrastructure system (CVIS) has been regarded as an advanced technology and a research focus in the field of intelligent transportation. Countries worldwide are committed to the research and development, testing, demonstration applications, and utility evaluation of CVIS. However, the service object of CVIS is the driver; therefore, it is of great importance to study the driver's subjective acceptance of CVIS and its influencing factors before CVIS is officially applied. The basic technology acceptance model (TAM) was used as the theoretical framework in this study. Using the four basic variables (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, and intention), as well as four extended variables (quality of warning service, distraction perception, personal innovation, and trustworthiness), an extended TAM was used to analyze the driver's subjective acceptance of CVIS and its influencing factors. First, an online CVIS questionnaire was sent to 392 drivers. Second, Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analysis were used to inspect the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Finally, path analysis was used to explore the driver's acceptance of CVIS and its influencing factors. The results show that the relationship among the basic TAM variables is consistent with the basic model assumptions. The quality of the CVIS warning service indirectly affects usage intentions through perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and attitude. The driver's distracted perception of CVIS has no negative effect on his attitude and usage intention. The driver's personal innovation not only directly affects the usage intention, but also indirectly influences usage intention through attitude. The driver's trust in CVIS is a direct influencing factor of usage intention, and indirectly affects usage intention through other variables. The results contribute to understanding the driver's acceptance of CVIS and its influencing factors and provide theoretical support for the design of CVIS.