基于动静结合的公路隧道洞口设计综合评价体系研究

随着国民经济发展、人民精神生活的丰富，隧道洞口设计由于影响驾驶体验而逐渐受到重视，但目前针对公路隧道洞口的设计评价主要从结构安全出发，对洞口景观环境和洞口美学的考量较少，缺乏对隧道洞口设计综合评价体系的研究；并且评价角度主要从静态视觉角度展开，忽略了行车过程中驾驶人的动态视觉特性，缺乏对洞口设计安全性问题的思考。鉴于此，以层次分析法为基本评价分析框架，建立隧道洞口设计综合评价体系；采用德尔菲法、灰色系统理论确定以功能、景观环境、美学为准则层的评价指标，并通过层次分析法计算得出功能、景观环境、美学指标的权重为0.662∶0.232∶0.106；基于模糊数学理论，提出了以专家和普通群众为评价主体、采用专家打分法和驾驶模拟试验的公路隧道洞口设计综合评价方法；并考虑洞口设计在动态视觉特性下对驾驶安全的影响，针对隧道洞口设计安全性问题提出了眼动仪测试评价方法，构建了一套公路隧道洞口设计综合评价体系。以云南省富龙高速板仑隧道洞口设计方案为例，采用综合评价体系计算得出隧道洞口设计方案为结构安全、环境友好、景观优美的优秀方案；并通过对试验者眼动数据的分析得出隧道洞口设计方案不存在安全隐患问题。该案例验证了综合评价体系的合理性，可为隧道洞口设计及综合评价提供一定的借鉴参考。

Comprehensive Evaluation System for a Highway Tunnel Portal Design Based on the Combination of Dynamics and Statics

With the development of the national economy, the tunnel portal design has been paid more and more attention due to its influence on the driving experience. The existing research on the design evaluation of highway tunnel portal is mainly based on structural safety, rarely considering portal landscape environment and aesthetics. Meanwhile, there is little research on comprehensive evaluation system of tunnel portal design. The existing related research mainly focuses on static vision, ignoring the driver's dynamic visual characteristics in the process of driving, lacking consideration of the safety of the portal design. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation system of tunnel portal design was established based on the analytic hierarchy process. The Delphi method and grey system theory was adopted to determine the evaluation indexes with function as the criterion level. The weights of function, landscape environment and aesthetics are 0.662, 0.232 and 0.106. Based on the fuzzy mathematics theory, a comprehensive evaluation method was proposed for the design of the highway tunnel portal, which considered experts and ordinary people as evaluation subjects, and adopted the expert scoring method and driving simulation test. Considering the influence of the tunnel portal design on driving safety under dynamic visual characteristics, an eye tracking evaluation method was proposed for the safety of the tunnel portal design, and a set of comprehensive evaluation systems for the design of highway tunnel portal was constructed. The research results were applied in the design and evaluation of the tunnel portal of Banlun tunnel in Yunnan province. The evaluation system was used to prove that the design scheme of the tunnel portal was an excellent scheme with a safe structure, friendly environment, and beautiful landscape. By analyzing the eye movement data of the drivers, it showed that there is no security risk in the portal design scheme. This case verifies the rationality of the comprehensive evaluation system, which can provide reference for the portal design and evaluation.