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钢结构桥梁形式多样，优点突出，在世界各地应用广泛，为了推进中国钢结构桥梁的建设，促进中国钢结构桥梁抗火防灾研究领域的全面发展，加快钢结构桥梁抗火防灾技术的研究，加强钢结构桥梁抵抗火灾的能力，提升管理部门应对钢结构桥梁遭遇火灾时的应急水平，对钢结构桥梁抗火防灾的研究现状与亟待解决的问题进行了总结。研究了国内外钢结构桥梁火灾发生时的场景以及钢结构桥梁遭遇火灾时的破坏形态，分析了钢结构桥梁火灾发生时的特点，强调了油罐车火灾对钢结构桥梁安全性能的严重威胁，给出了钢结构桥梁抗火防灾的关键技术。继而，对其抗火研究存在的问题进行了梳理，包括钢结构桥梁所用材料的高温特性，复杂环境下钢结构桥梁截面的传热机制、钢-混凝土组合梁界面间的高温作用机理、钢结构桥梁火灾行为的数值模拟与智能预测技术、火灾全过程中钢结构桥梁的试验与测试方法、火灾高温下钢结构桥梁的力学行为以及钢结构桥梁抗火研究的工程应用等七大方面给出了钢结构桥梁抗火研究亟待解决的问题和更高的目标。以期对钢结构桥梁抗火防灾方向的技术研究提供全新的视角和基础资料。

Review on Fire Resistance of Steel Structural Bridge Girders

Steel structural bridge girders have a variety of structural types and wide application in bridge construction worldwide. The aim of this review is: ① to promote the comprehensive development of fireresistance and hazard prevention in steel structural bridge girders in China;② to accelerate research on the techniques of fire-resistance and hazard prevention of steel structural bridge girders;③ to improve the ability of steel structural bridge girders to resist fire hazards;and ④ to promote emergency administration levels in the management department. The research status and the problems to be solved to improve fire resistance and hazard prevention of steel structural bridge girders are summarized. The characteristics of fire occurrence are analyzed,and the fire exposure scenarios for steel structural bridge girders and failure modes after fire are examined,with an emphasis on the severe threat of oil-tanker-truck fire exposure on steel structural bridge girders. The key techniques of fire resistance and hazard prevention in steel structural bridge girders are analyzed. Thereafter,the problems associated with fire resistance in steel structural bridge girders are studied,namely: high-temperature properties of material used for steel structural bridge girders,heat transfer mechanism of steel structural bridge girders under complex circumstance,slip mechanism between interfaces composed of different materials in steel structural bridge girders,intelligent numerical simulation and intelligent prediction technology for fire behavior of steel structural bridge girders,measurement and test methods for scale models of steel structural bridge girders during the process of fire exposure,mechanical behavior of steel structural bridge girders under high temperature,as well as engineering applications. Finally,problems to be solved for fire-resistant research and new designs of steel structural bridge girders were proposed. A new perspective and basic information for academic research on fire resistance and hazard prevention of steel structural bridge girders is expected.