新疆天山公路泥石流形成环境研究

泥石流是新疆天山公路的主要病害类型，集中分布在北天山近80km范围内，以粘性泥石流为主。基于大量的现场调研及观测，从新构造应力场的观点分析并获得了泥石流沟轴向与新构造应力场剪切带方向一致的宏观规律；泥石流沟内物源丰富，以寒冻风化物、第四纪冰碛物及冰水沉积物为主，沿程分布在泥石流沟内；天山向西开口的喇叭形地貌格局造就了北天山显著的焚风效应，致使境内地表植被条件差、降雨量小、寒冻风化作用强烈，进而物源稳定性极差；将泥石流形成的诱发因素概化为降雨和气温两方面，明确了境内公路泥石流在强降雨后4～5h内暴发的根本原因。研究成果为天山公路泥石流的进一步研究及有效防治提供了重要依据．

Research on Formation Environment of Debris Flow Along Highways at Tianshan Mountain Area in Xinjiang Region

As one of typical highway disasters in Tianshan Mountain area of Xinjiang region,debris flow distribute mainly in 80 km limits along highways in north of Tianshan Mountain. These debris flows are mainly viscous debris flow. On the basis of deep investigations and tests insitu and in view of neo-tectonic stress field,the macro-feature that the axial direction of debris flow valleys are consistent with shear zone of neo-tectonic stress field is approached and obtained in the paper. Abundant loose materials in debris flow valley,including frigid weathering material,ice moraine and deposit in quaternary etc.,distribute along the valley. Suona-shaped landform outline of Tianshan Mountain opening to the west creates obvious foefn effects,which lead to weak vegetation,little precipitation and strong frigid weathering,then much loose materials are unstable. Factors to trigger debris flow in the area can be generalized both strong precipitation and high air temperature,and the root cause of debris flow along highway breaking out within 4 to 5 hours after strong precipitation is especially identified. Results in the paper can provide important basis to control debris flow along highway in Tianshan Mountain area.