"先刑后民"原则的实践困境及其理论破解

"先刑后民"原则在我国现实司法中遭遇实践困境,进而在学理上遭到普遍的合理性质疑.为此,需要澄清几个观念上的误区一则"先刑后民"原则在内涵上包括位阶上和位序上的优先性,二则并非我国所独有,而是一项具有普适性的司法原则;三则"先刑后民"原则的价值基础并非旨在彰显"公权优先"的价值理念,而是重在刑、民程序冲突的理性解决.同时,还应当在制度层面上加强对刑事被害人民事权利的保障一是以程序选择权为基础改造我国的刑事附带民事诉讼;二是加强刑事诉讼与民事诉讼程序之间的衔接适用;三是积极构建滥用程序的制裁机制,防止当事人恶意启动程序.

Criminal Action's Priority over Civil Action:An Impasse in Practice and Its Solutions in Theory

The practice of giving priority to criminal action over civil action in a lawsuit runs into difficulty in Chinese legislation,so its rationality has been challenged doctrinally.In understanding this practice,however,we should not mistake the following issues: firstly,the criminal-action-over-civil-action principle involves priority in both rank and order;secondly,it is not unique in China,instead it is a universal judicial principle;thirdly,its purpose is not to highlight "the priority of public right",but to emphasize the rational solution of the conflict between criminal and civil proceedings.On the other hand,pertinent systems must be exploited to protect the civil rights of criminal victims.To achieve this purpose,the practice of pertaining civil proceedings to criminal proceedings must be changed to facilitate choice of proceedings,the coherence between criminal proceedings and civil proceedings must be strengthened and punitive mechanism should be constructed to avoid abuse of proceedings and prevent the parties involved from starting the proceeding for evil purposes.