盾构法水下隧道工程技术的发展

盾构是建造穿越江河、海峡水下隧道的主要工法之一，其工程技术的现代发展趋势主要针对隧道大断面、高地下水头和长掘进距离等3大方面。文章就已建成的几大标志性盾构法水下隧道工程（英法海峡隧道、日本东京湾公路隧道、荷兰西斯凯尔特河隧道、德国易北河第四通道隧道、上海崇明长江通道隧道）就其工程规模和技术特点，讨论水下隧道盾构工法的技术发展。

Development of Underwater Shield-bored Tunnels

Shield tunneling is a major construction method to cross underneath seas and rivers.The development of this mechanized tunneling technique is primarily focusing on large tunnel cross-sections,high ground water pressure and long boring distance.The progress in shield tunneling technique is presented in this paper by discussing the typical shield-bored tunnels built all over the world,including the Channel Tunnel,Tokyo Bay Sub-sea Tunnel,Elbe Tunnel: 4th Tube,Westerschelde Tunnel and Chongming Tunnel.