船舶碰撞缓冲型球鼻艏概念探讨--球鼻曲率对碰撞的影响

船舶碰撞事故中，被撞油船船侧的破裂会引起严重的海洋污染，故油船双层船壳设计成为防止被撞油船破损的有效措施。但随着海上运输船舶的数目及尺度的日益增大，双层船壳已不能满足防止船侧破损的要求。本文提出了缓冲型球算般的构思。在船舶相撞的过程中，球鼻艏曲率的尖锐程度影响被撞船船侧的损伤程度，故提出并讨论了表征球鼻艏碰撞特性的标志性参数。通过对不同曲率的球鼻艏一系列的碴撞数值仿真计算，详细描述了外形曲率对球鼻艏的变形形态、碰撞力、碰撞力密度及能量吸收的影响，指出船舶采用钝形的球鼻艏能有效减小碰撞时的穿透损伤。

Discussion on Buffer Bulbous Bow-Influence of Bow Curvature on Ship Collision

Ship ship collision might cause serious damage to the struck ship and also threaten the safety of the life onboard. When an oil tanker is collided by a large ship, disastrous oil spill might be induced and marine environment nearby might be seriously contaminated. With the increasing of the number and the dimensions of ships, only using the double hull system in side hull cannot satisfy the requirement of avoiding the rupture of struck shipside. The idea of buffer bow is put forward for reducing the damage of struck shipside caused by the striking bow. The curvature of bow shape will affect the collision properties of the striking bow and the damage of the side of the struck ship. The symbolic parameter expressing the collision properties of the ship bow is put forward and discussed in this paper. The influence of the curvature of bow shape on distortion mode, collision force, collision force density and energy absorption of the bulbous bow is described in detail through a series of collision numerical simulation for bulbous bows that have different curvatures. It is indicated that using the blunt bulbous bow can effectively reduce penetrable damage of the struck ship side and the risk of environmental pollution due to oil leaking.