文化寻根与章太炎对现代国家认同的建构

＂保国、保种、保教＂是近代中国民族主义者主要的话语诉求。它使许多知识人常追思＂国学＂及其承载的国族的历史,并以此为基础去建构对现代中国的认同。在这一群体中,章太炎即是表现突出者。他对国学内涵的重新发掘就是意在建构国人对现代中国认同所必需的稳定而持久的价值体系、社会制度和行为规范。这既是文化民族主义的自觉,又是在外在危机压迫下的文化寻根。但却不意,章太炎的此等努力,实则是西方近代意义上的民族主义的知识和话语体系所隐含的权力体系在近代中国的复制,并割裂了中国的历史。同时,这一独特的历史镜像,以章太炎为代表,具有新旧双重身份的知识群体对对现代国家认同的建构具有文化民族主义之特征,反映了近代中国社会变革过程中传统的限度和对新旧知识的困惑同时并存的独特文化现象。这更能说明他们何以能完成由＂借种族革命、推翻异族政府＂转向对现代中国认同的建构的缘由所在。它决定了近代中国政治实践的外在表现形式、话语诉求及其深层困境。

The Looking for the Original of Cultural and the Construction of the Approval of Nation of the Modern China by Zhang Taiyan

Since the modern time, the Chinese nationalist have opened their heart to people with the words of ＂protecting nation＂, ＂protecting race＂ and ＂protecting culture＂. In order to construct the approval on modern China, many intellectuals often reviewed ＂guoxue＂ and the history recorded by ＂guoxue＂. Among these people,Zhang Taiyan was the outstanding one. It was his purpose that he re-excavated the connotative meaning of ＂guoxue＂ to construct the Chinese people＇s approval of the modern China, for the new kind of approval need to be given the support of the lasting value system, society institution and criteria of behavior. The kind of action means not only the cultural waking by themselves, but also looking for the original of their culture. But his action is only just copy the power system of the knowledge and words of the western modernization nationalism, which broken away from the Chinese history. Meanwhile, the special image of this kind of history could explain that the Chinese modem intellectuals,like Zhang Taiyan,how to construct the approval of the nation and the culture by ＂the race revolution against the foreign power＂. The kind of action grasped the express form of the modern China politic practice, the words requirement of the modern China politic practice and its dilemma.