确认科学理论有效性的途径、标准和方法

确认理论的有效性，侧重考察的是理论对于实践的实际效用如何，因而就有在某些方面不同于检验理论与客观现实是否相符合方法的确认方法。严格说来，用实践去确认预测有效性进而确认有效性的方法，必须予以某些条件的限制才能成为可靠的方法。有效性和真理性不仅不能等同，而且也不是始终统一的。科学理论的真理性是科学理论真正具有有效性的前提条件，而科学理论有效性的确认则是判定科学理论真理性的必要条件。

Criteria for and Methods of Identifying the Effectiveness Scientific Theories

When identifying the effectiveness of a theory, we put emphasis on examining its practical effect on practice, which is different in some ways from the method used to identify whether theory is in accordance with practice. Strictly, the method of identifying effectiveness of prediction by practice and further identifying the effectiveness of theory can only be reliable when it's confined to some conditions. Effectiveness and truthfulness are not identical, and even are not always consistent. Truthfulness of scientific theory is the prerequisite of its effectiveness, while its effectiveness is a necessary condition for identifying its truthfulness.