机车高圆簧的有限元分析

针对机车高圆簧计算的传统力学方法,提出了与高圆簧实际情况更为相符的有限元计算模型并进行了计算分析。模型考虑高圆簧支撑圈几何形状的变化,计入了弹簧两端的橡胶垫,考虑了弹簧变形时几何非线性和接触非线性条件,并根据机车通过曲线等高圆簧工作的实际工况进行了计算。有限元计算结果表明,弹簧受力时横截面上存在很大的法向应力,尤其在通过曲线时其法向应力甚至增大到了不容忽略的程度;弹簧两端橡胶垫起到了降低法向应力的作用;高圆簧上显示着远比传统力学方法计算结果更为复杂的应力分布。而传统的力学计算方法只能计算出弹簧在轴向压力工况下的刚度和剪切应力。

Finite-Element Analysis on the Flexcoil Spring of Locomotive

According to the method of traditional mechanics calculation for the flex-coil spring of locomotive,finite element calculation model which is more consistent with the actual conditions of the flex-coil spring was proposed and has been analyzed.The model took into account the change of geometrical shape of supporting circle of the flex-coil spring,the rubber supported on the spring ends,the geometrical non-linearity and contact non-linear of the spring while spring deformation,and calculated the flex-coil spring of locomotive under the actual working conditions such as locomotive go through curves,etc.The results show that,when the spring is loaded,a great normal stress is existed in the cross section of the spring,especially,it can not be neglected when the locomotive go through curves;The normal stress is reduced effectively by the rubber supported on the spring ends;The results show a more complex stress distribution of the flex-coil spring compared with the method of traditional mechanics calculation.On the other hand,the method of traditional mechanics calculation can only calculate the stiffness and shear stress of the spring under axial loading.