定点停靠公交的服务效率与停靠能力研究

在多线路公交站，为规范乘车秩序，实现乘客排队候乘车，需要公交车在公交站内各指定位置进行停靠，即定点停靠。但是现实中定点停靠措施使公交车出现排队拥堵的频率大为增加。鉴于此，首先根据排队论建立了定点停靠公交站排队模型（c_M／M／1型）与自由停靠公交站排队模型（M／M／c型），通过服务指标的比较探讨出现此现象的理论原因；其次，运用排队概率方法建立公交站合理停车位数量的计算模型，并在综合考虑公交车到达频率、平均停靠时间以及可忍受排队概率等因素的基础上．计算两种类型公交车站的合理停车位数量。研究得出，在公交车平均到达率与平均停靠时间不变的情况下，实施定点停靠措施后．公交车站的服务效率会降低，对停车泊位的需求会增加。

Service Efficiency and Parking Capacity of Pointing Parking Bus Stop

In a bus stop with many bus lines, the buses need to stop at the pointing position for passengers to get on the buses one by one which is called pointing parking. But now the buses are always blocking at the bus stop. Firstly, it sets up the pointing parking queue model（c_M/M/1 Style） and the parking freely queue model（M/M/c Style）. Furthermore, it discusses the theory reason of this phenomenon by comparing these two systems. Secondly, the parking capacity calculation model is set up by using the way of queue system probability. At last it figures out the pointing parking space of the bus stop by considering the bus arriving frequency, the average stop time and the supportable queue probability. It can be concluded that service efficiency will be lower and the parking space will be more under the pointing parking policy in the same of average arriving frequency and average parking time.