Understanding Travel Time Expenditures Around the World: Exploring the Notion of a Travel Time Frontier |
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Authors: | Amlan Banerjee Xin Ye Ram M Pendyala |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, ENB118, Tampa, FL 33620-5350, USA |
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Abstract: | Travel behavior researchers have been intrigued by the amount of time that people allocate to travel in a day, i.e., the daily
travel time expenditure, commonly referred to as a “travel time budget”. Explorations into the notion of a travel time budget
have once again resurfaced in the context of activity-based and time use research in travel behavior modeling. This paper
revisits the issue by developing the notion of a travel time frontier (TTF) that is distinct from the actual travel time expenditure
or budget of an individual. The TTF is defined in this paper as an intrinsic maximum amount of time that people are willing
to allocate for travel. It is treated as an unobserved frontier that influences the actual travel time expenditure measured
in travel surveys. Using travel survey datasets from around the world (i.e., US, Switzerland and India), this paper sheds
new light on daily travel time expenditures by modeling the unobserved TTF and comparing these frontiers across international
contexts. The stochastic frontier modeling methodology is employed to model the unobserved TTF as a production frontier. Separate
models are estimated for commuter and non-commuter samples to recognize the differing constraints between these market segments.
Comparisons across the international contexts show considerable differences in average unobserved TTF values. |
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Keywords: | Travel time frontier Travel time budget Travel time expenditure International comparison Stochastic frontier model Activity-travel behavior |
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