海上瞭望信息的处理与海事事故的发生

为了找出疏忽瞭望的原因并避免事故的发生,介绍了德.波诺的模式理论并依此分析了三起海事事故中瞭望人员认知模式的形成,进一步利用＂经济认知＂和＂赋意后行为＂这两个认知规则分析了上述事故中瞭望人员处理瞭望信息的认知特点;分析发现,瞭望人员在处理瞭望信息时往往受到其已形成的认知模式的影响而出现认知错误,而且在上述认知规则的限制下难于觉察到已发生的认知错误,从而导致事故的发生。由此认为,瞭望信息处理不当是疏忽瞭望的重要原因。提出了避免发生认知错误的对策,同时建议将瞭望作为一门技术进行研究和运用。

The Processing of Lookout Information and the Occurrence of Maritime Accidents

To ascertain the cause of lookout negligence and to avoid maritime accidents,the formation of cognition patterns of the watch officers out of three maritime accidents is analyzed according to De Bono＇s Pattern Theory which is briefly introduced herein.Their cognition characteristics in processing lookout information are further analyzed with the two cognition rules of ＂economy cognition＂ and ＂effort after meaning＂.The above analyses reveal that watch officers are usually affected by the cognition patterns they have already formed in their minds and then tend to make cognitive errors,which are seldom sensed subject to the above two cognition rules,leading to the occurrence of accidents.Therefore it is concluded that the improper processing of lookout information is the major cause of lookout negligence.To avoid above cognitive errors,countermeasures are proposed,and meanwhile suggestion is made to study lookout as a kind of technique to be applied in practice.