汽车低速追尾碰撞中人体颈部伤害及保护系统研究

在MADYMO软件中使用BioRIDⅡ后碰撞假人建立追尾碰撞模型，分析了头枕位置和倾角参数对汽车发生追尾碰撞时头颈部动力学的影响，并使用颈部损伤准则值NIC和Nkm来评估颈部损伤的风险。仿真结果表明这些因素对颈部的动力学响应有着重要影响，高而且靠近头部，并且有适当增大倾角的头枕，有助于减小颈部的损伤。

Effect of the Head Restraint Properties on Head-neck Kinematics in Low Speed Rear-end Impacts

Head restraint plays a very important part in protecting the occupants during the rear impact. The present study investigated the effects of the position, tilt angle of the head restraint on the biomechanical responses and related injury measures of the neck in a rear-end impact. A series of simulated rear-end impacts were conducted by applying a rear-end impact model, which is developed in the MADYMO package by using the BioRID II dummy. Then, the neck injury criterion （NIC） and N／-km were utilized to assess the likelihood of injury. The results show that modifying the head restraint may influence the head-neck kinematics to a great extent. It is possible to reduce the neck injury risk by positioning the head restraint higher and closer to the head, and with a proper larger tilt angle.