基于多目标优化的航空器离场时隙控制方法

为了兼顾效率性和公平性,合理利用时隙资源,进行航空器离场时隙分配,根据机场管制运行部门和航空公司的决策目标,以航班正点率、旅客延误时间、延误成本、基尼系数等目标的不同组合为优化目标,建立了3组多目标优化模型.针对机场管制中航空器放行的应用背景,采用改进的人工鱼群算法求解模型.算例仿真结果表明:以航班延误成本和航班正点率为优化目标时,得到2个Pareto解集,与RBS(ration-by-schedule)分配算法相比,航班延误成本减少了52.9%和48.6%,航班正点率提高了62.5%和75.0%;以航班延误成本和旅客延误时间为优化目标时,得到1个可行解,与RBS分配算法相比,航班延误成本和旅客延误时间分别减少了52.9%和37.5%;以公平性和效率性为目标时,随着公平性的增强,效率性减弱.本文的多目标离场时隙控制方法,弥补了现有方法只考虑效率性的缺陷,为管制员提供了更多可供选择的决策方案.

Aircraft Departure Slot Control Method Based on Multi-objective Optimization

In order to balance efficiency and equity and make best use of slot resources,aircraft departure slots were allocated.According to the decision-making targets of airport control operation departments and airline companies,three kinds of multi-objective optimization methods were established through different combinations of optimization objectives,including flight punctuality rate,passenger delay,flight delay cost,and Gini coefficient.Aiming at the application background of aircraft release in the airport control,an improved artificial fish school algorithm was used to solve the models.When flight delay cost and flight punctuality rate are optimization goals,two Pareto solutions are obtained;compared with those obtained by the ration-by-schedule(RBS) allocation algorithm,the flight delay cost is decreased by 52.9% and 48.6%,and the flight punctuality rate is improved by 62.5% and 75.0%.When flight delay cost and passenger delay are optimization goals,only one solution is obtained;compared with those by the RBS allocation algorithm,the flight delay cost and the passenger delay are reduced by 52.9% and 37.5%,respectively.When efficiency and equity are optimization goals,with the equity being improved,the efficiency was gradually weakened.The method presented in this paper can overcome the defect of the existing methods only considering the efficiency,and it can provide more alternative decision-making programs.