基于城市交通容量分析的公交优先研究 ——以广州为例

基础设施扩容为主的道路交通和轨道交通建设，成为目前各大城市普遍采取的治理城市交通拥堵的主要手段，由于轨道交通建设存在资金和建设时间持续问题，如何对有限的道路交通资源重新划分成为治堵工作的关键.本文以综合交通模型为基础，形成以地面公交路权优先为突破口的交通系统容量优化方法，提出交通系统人次容量定义，构建度量舒适性和可控性的评判标准，建立层次化的公交专用道布设方法，动态调整地面公交和小汽车的路网资源比，保障地面公交路权，达到小汽车和公交出行时耗的相对均衡，实现交通的个体最优向系统最优的转化，形成一条落实公交优先的新路径.最后以广州市为例，将容量分析技术应用到实际路网，提出以公交专用道方案为主的道路资源定量分配方案，落实公交优先，指导广州市交通发展.

Transit Priority Based on Urban Traffic Capacity Analysis

Infrastructure construction mainly including road and rail can temporarily relieve the contradictions between traffic supply and demand. But there is un-sustainability, because capital and time is limit. So the key point of managing traffic congestion is how to allocate limited traffic resources. In this paper, basing on an integrated transport model, a traffic system capacity optimization method is proposed as a breakthrough of the right of way for the bus. This method proposes the definition of transportation system person capacity. It builds the criteria to measure comfort and controllability. It establishes hierarchical bus lane layout method. It dynamically adjusts road resources between bus and car to protect the right of way of ground bus. It balances the travel speed between car and bus. It transforms personal best into system optimization. It is a new path to implement transit priority. In Guangzhou, capacity analysis technique is applied to the actual road network, and resource allocation scheme is proposed based on bus lane scheme. It guides the development of Guangzhou city traffic.