基于元胞自动机的竞争型换道模型

为研究车辆在换道过程中存在的互不相让、相互竞争的现象，运用元胞自动机理论，提出一种竞争型的换道模型。首先，将换道分为换道需求判断和换道实施过程两部分；然后，在需求判断中引入邻车道速度累积优势，在换道实施过程中引入竞争程度定义换道新规则；最后，在不同交通密度下对竞争换道模型进行仿真，并与自由换道和协作换道进行对比分析。结果表明：不同密度下协作换道模型得到的车流量和车辆平均速度均高于其他换道模型；在一定密度范围内，竞争换道得到的车流量和车辆速度比自由换道高；但当密度较高时，竞争换道对车辆的速度以及交通密度可能产生负面影响。这说明协作换道能提高车辆速度，有效缓解交通阻塞；而竞争换道对车辆速度的提升不明显，并且采用竞争换道对交通流有影响，有时可能会降低道路的通行能力。

Competitive Lane-Changing Model Based on Cellular Automata

In order to study the behaviors of vehicles competing with each other in lane-changing process, a competitive lane-changing model was proposed by using cellular automata theory. Firstly, lane change was divided into two aspects which were demand judgment and lane-changing process. Secondly, the adjacent lane accumulated speed benefit was introduced to demand judgment model, and the level of competition was introduced to the lane-changing process to define the new rule of lane change. Finally, the competitive lane-changing model was simulated under different traffic densities and compared with free lane-changing model and cooperative lane-changing model. The results showed that the traffic volume and average vehicle speed of the cooperative lane-changing model under different densities were higher than that of other lane-changing models. In a certain density range, the traffic volume and vehicle speed obtained by competitive lane-changing model were higher than those obtained by free lane-changing model. When the density was higher, competitive lane-changing model might have a negative impact on the vehicle speed and traffic density. This indicates that cooperative lane-changing model can increase vehicle speed and effectively alleviate traffic congestion, while competitive lane-changing model has no obvious effect on vehicle speed increase, and the adoption of competitive lane-changing model has impact on traffic flow, which may sometimes reduce road capacity.