Analytical extension of the effective axle characteristics concept for the development of a structured chassis design process

The lateral vehicle dynamics is defined by the effects of side forces at the front and rear axle. These forces are caused by the slip and camber angle at the individual tyres, which are results of the kinematics and compliances of the chassis. This paper extends the approach of the effective axle characteristics by Paceyka to the analytical expression of the axle cornering stiffness and the axle relaxation behaviour with the aim of the development of a chassis design process as it applies in the early design stage. The obtained expression is integrated into a single track model and validated against a full nonlinear two-track model. By this means of these analytical expressions for the axle cornering stiffness and the axle relaxation behaviour it is possible to directly calculate and analyse the effective slip angles for linear quasi-static and dynamic driving manoeuvres.