基于AIS数据的桥梁防船撞结构冲击响应分析

针对目前桥梁船撞影响参数不明确的情况,提出利用AIS数据获得桥区实际通航船舶信息,以此为基础进行桥梁抗撞分析及防船撞装置设计。以武汉长江二桥为例,基于AIS数据获得船舶的重量、偏航角、航速等信息,最终确定抗撞分析采用5000 t级船舶作为代表船型,取上行、下行最大偏航角分别为22°、8°,航速取平均航速(上行1.91 m/s、下行3.28 m/s)。在此基础上,采用显式有限元法对该桥主墩受船舶撞击的动态过程进行数值模拟,将获得的船舶撞击力与规范的计算结果进行对比,发现船舶正向撞击桥墩的碰撞力高出桥墩抗撞力的18.85%。根据桥梁防撞需求和船舶撞击力情况,设计了X形夹层结构防船撞装置,分析该装置的抗撞性,结果表明,该装置具有良好的吸能效果,可减少30%以上的船撞力,且能有效减小船舶损伤。

Analysis of Impact Responses of Vessel Collision Protection Structure for Bridges Based on AIS Data

The influential parameters of bridge-vessel collision event are still not clear at present.In this case,the method of using AIS data to obain the actual signals of the ship within the bridge site area is proposed,and based on which,the bridge-vessel collision events are analyzed and vessel collision protection devices are designed.For the Second Wuhan Changjiang River Bridge,the weight of the vessel,yaw angle and speeds of the vessel were gained with the help of the AIS data.Based on these data,the 5000 t vessel was finally determined as the representative vessel for the anti-collision analysis,the maximum upstream and downstream yaw angles are 22°and 8°,respectively,and the values of speeds take the average values(1.91 m/s for upstream ships and 3.28 m/s for downstream ships).Then,the dynamic process of the collision of the vessel with the main pier was numerically simulated by the explicit finite element method,the collision forces of the vessel gained were compared with the prescribed values in the code.If the ship goes directly forward to hit the pier,the collision force is 18.85%higher than the resistance of the pier.In accordance with the collision protection demands of the bridge and vessel collision force,a vessel collision protection device of X-shaped sandwich structure was designed to analyze the collision resistance of the device.The results show that the device has better energy absorption ability,which can reduce the collision force by 30%and can efficiently reduce the damages of vessels.