基于热平衡试验和倒拖试验的柴油机有效能传递与节能潜力研究

为定量研究柴油机系统各部分能量可利用的潜力，针对某柴油机进行了热平衡试验和倒拖试验研究，分析了柴油机系统能量传递和有效能损失的本质。由以热力学第一定律为基础的热平衡分析得出，除了摩擦、驱动附件和余项损失外，还含有约90％的燃料燃烧能量存在对外做功的可能；由以热力学第二定律为基础的平衡分析得出，可对外做功的量约占燃料总量的58％，其中燃烧过程不可逆产生的燃烧损失占燃料总量的22％～23％。冷却水和排气的热量相当，但能量的品质相差很大，由此分析了各个系统不同能量分配领域的节能潜力并有针对性地提出了改进方向。

Effective Energy Transfer and Energy Saving Potential of Diesel Engine Based on Heat Balance and Motored Test

In order to quantitative study the available energy from each part of diesel engine ,the heat balance test and motored engine test were carried out on a diesel engine and the mechanism of energy transfer and effective energy loss were analyzed . According to the first law of thermodynamics ,there was still about 90% fuel combustion energy to be able to do any other work except for friction ,driving accessories and remainder loss .Only 58% fuel energy could do work and the residual 22% ‐23% fuel energy would lose during the irreversible combustion process in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics . The heat amount of cooling water and exhaust gas was equivalent ,but the quality of energy between them had a great differ‐ence .Finally ,the energy saving potential for each part of system was clarified and the improvement direction was proposed .