长方体形囊式空气弹簧刚度特性

空气弹簧是一种具有可调非线性静、动态刚度及阻尼特性的隔振元件，它利用空气压缩的非线性恢复力和阻尼力来隔离振动和冲击。空气弹簧的刚度是随其变形量而变化的，因而由它组成的系统其固有频率与振幅有关。空气弹簧还具有自动避开共振，从而抑制共振振幅的特性。本文对长方体橡胶－帘布囊式空气弹簧进行了研究，从理论和试验两方面，对其垂向及横向刚度特性进行了探讨。假设空气弹簧的垂向刚度仅取决于内部气压，从工程热力学的气体多变方程出发推导了空气弹簧的垂向刚度。利用线性薄膜理论推导了长方体形囊式空气弹簧的有效承压面积。采用弹性力学的方法，解决了其由帘线交织而成的橡胶囊膜断面的横向切变形问题，推导了横向刚度。并对空气弹簧进行了试验研究。

Study on Stiffness Characteristics for Rectangular Air Springs

Air spring is a kind of nonmetallic vibration isolator whose restoring force is supplied by the compressed air in a sealed flexible bladder. The static stiffness, dynamic stiffness and damping property of the air spring can be adjusted through changing its internal pressure. The vertical stiffness of the air spring changes as its deformation changes, so the natural frequency of the air spring vibration isolation system is relevant to the vibration amplitude. The air spring can automatically evade resonance and effectively restrain the resonance amplitude. The rectangular bagged air spring was studied for the first time, and their vertical and lateral performance was deeply discussed in this paper. It was assumed that the air spring's internal air pressure mainly determined its vertical stiffness. The formulas for calculating the vertical stiffness and the effective supporting area were derived based on the gas polytrope process state equation and the linear film theory respectively The formula for the lateral stiffness was also derived. The experiment results show that the theoretical values meet with the experiment ones very well.