综合客运枢纽疏散流线设计优化方法

综合客运枢纽内部人员密集、通道网络复杂，且进出口数量较多，客流疏散效率不易提高。针对这个问题，不同于现有研究大多考虑改造物理设施，本文提出了通过控制通道开闭状态及通行流向，充分发挥既有设施通行能力的疏散流线设计优化方法。设计了由系统输入、疏散仿真及疏散流线优化模块组成的疏散流线设计仿真优化框架。其中，系统输入模块包含疏散需求、疏散网络、疏散行为参数；疏散仿真模块用于给定疏散流线方案下疏散效率的模拟测算；疏散流线优化模块则基于疏散仿真模拟结果迭代优化疏散流线方案。疏散仿真方面，考虑到行人在疏散途中可能动态修改疏散路线的特点，基于Logit模型构建了行人疏散择路行为模型。疏散流线优化方面，为提高疏散效率，避免局部通道过于拥挤，设计了以整体疏散时长、所有个体总疏散时间和通道最大饱和度最低为目标的疏散流线优化模型，并应用基于NSGA-Ⅲ的疏散流线多目标优化算法进行求解。以虹桥火车站到达层疏散场景为例开展模型验证，结果表明:相比于常规情况无特殊流线设计的疏散方案，优化方案的整体疏散时长、所有个体总疏散时间和通道最大饱和度分别降低36.2%、16.6%、51.6%。该方法对建设安全高效的综合客运枢纽内部行人疏散系统具有较好的参考及应用价值。 

A Method for Optimizing the Design of Evacuation Streamline for Multimodal Passenger Transportation Hubs

Multimodal passenger transportation hubs are typically crowded by pedestrians, and are composed of complex corridor networks, multiple entrances, and exits. It has been challenging to improve the evacuation efficiency of multimodal passenger transportation hubs. To address this challenge, most of previous studies focus on the layout redesign of facilities, while this study proposes a method to fully utilize the existing facility capacity by controlling the opening/closing state and walking direction of corridors. A simulation-based optimization framework for designing the evacuation streamline is proposed, including system input, simulation for the evacuation process, and optimization modules for the evacuation streamline. The input module of the system requires to specify the following three parameters: evacuation demand, evacuation network, and evacuation behavior. The evacuation simulation module is used to evaluate the efficiency of passenger evacuation under a specific plan of evacuation streamline. The optimization of evacuation streamline plan is conducted by the optimization module based on the results of evacuation simulation runs. Regarding the evacuation simulation, as pedestrians may dynamically modify their evacuation routes, a dynamic model for simulating route choice behavior is developed based on the Logit modeling framework. An optimization model of evacuation streamline is designed to minimize overall evacuation time, total evacuation duration of all individuals, and the level of maximum corridor saturation. An optimization algorithm for multi-objective evacuation streamline is developed based on the NSGA-Ⅲ. The proposed method is validated based on an evacuation scenario of the arrival level of Hongqiao Railway Station. Study results indicate that, compared to the conventional evacuation scenarios without an optimized design of evacuation streamline, the overall evacuation time, total evacuation duration and corridor maximum saturation of the optimized scenario are reduced by 36.2%, 16.6%, and 51.6%, respectively. In general, the proposed method should be beneficial for developing a safe and efficient pedestrian evacuation plan for the multimodal passenger transportation hubs.