地铁车站出入口规划设计问题探讨

相对于不易改动位置及规模的地铁站来说,可以通过灵活的规划和设计来充分发挥出入口的疏散和救援功能,从而提高地铁车站在事故状态下的应对能力.从疏散和救援的角度提出事故状态下地铁车站出入口布置原则和出入口数量估算方法.指出出入口设置位置的不同,对乘客在地下通道的步行时间有显著影响.通过一些简化的计算模型,对比分析了车站位于道路下方和位于道路一侧下方两种情况下,四种出入口布置方式的乘客平均步距.在此基础上分析了事故状态下出入口与车站问的合理位置和出入口宽度的确定方法.以上海轨道交通1号线徐家汇站某一出入口为例,提出了提高出入口疏散能力的建议.

Problems in the Planning of Subway Station Passageway

Although the location and scale of a subway station are not easy to change,its ability could be improved to cope with accidents through flexible planning and design for the passage way,which is an important part of the station with evacuation and rescue functions.The principles of entrances/exits layout in subway stations and the method to estimate the number of the passageway are advanced in this paper in the case of emergent accidents from the view point of evacuation and rescue.The author points out that the location of the passageway has a remarkable influence on the passenger's walking time in underground channels.Based on some simplified models,the passengers' average walking distances of four passageway arrangement types under two different conditions are contrasted.Then the author makes a detailed analysis for the right position between the passageway and the station.The techniques to determine the width of the passageway are also discussed.Finally,taking a passageway at Xujiahui Station in Shanghai Metro Line 1 as an example,and considering the difficulties in the changes of the station location,the author introduces some methods to enhance the response capabilities in the condition of an accident through flexible arrangement of the entrances/exits.