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为了分析中国机场运营效率现状并为未来如何改进效率提供理论指导，本文运用数据包络分析方法（DEA），选取运营成本、正式员工数量、登机门数量和跑道长度作为输入变量，运营收入和机场相关业务量作为输出变量，对2001-2005年80家中国大陆机场的效率现状进行了实证研究，计算了样本机场的总体技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率和规模报酬情况并予以整体评价.实证结果表明，中国大陆机场总体技术效率较低,尤其是纯技术效率存在较大提升空间，规模效率较为适中并呈逐年上升趋势.最后，基于上述发现提出了“改善经营、扩张运营规模、优化投入结构”等政策建议.

An Empirical Study of Chinese Airports' Operational Efficiency Based on DEA

To analyze the status of Chinese airports’ operational efficiency and provide theoretical guidance for further efficiency improvement, this paper analyzes the operational efficiency of 80 airports in mainland China between 2001 and 2005 using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). It involves the selection of operating costs, the number of formal employees, the number of boarding gates and the runway length as input variables and adopts the operating income and airport traffic as the output variables. It also measures the technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, scale efficiency and returns to scale of these airports. The evidence shows that the total technical efficiency of Chinese airports is relatively low and can be enhanced significantly with the improvement of pure technical efficiency, while the scale efficiency is also relatively low but increases over time. Based on the results, it comes to the suggestions about “improving management, expanding operation scale and optimizing the investment structure”.