基于滞留费用的空车调配优化方法

在分析当前空车调配过程中存在的问题,以及强调可靠的空车分配计划对于加速货车周转和最大限度地满足客户需求重要性的基础上,研究了铁路空车调配问题。构建了基于货物滞留费用的铁路空车调配多品类整数规划模型,并以空车在分配过程中发生的总走行成本、车种代用成本和客户需求未满足的货物滞留费用之和为目标函数。在空车总体上需求大于供给的情况下,模型充分考虑了车种代用和满足重点货物、重点客户对空车需求的条件,从而能够更好地反映铁路空车运用的实际。通过车种代用和空车源选择,所获得的分配方案能够满足更多客户的装车需求。算例的空车分配结果显示,所构建模型可以用于编制高质量的空车调配计划,这对于缓解当前我国铁路货车总体不足、加速车辆周转、提高货运服务质量等有重要意义。

An Optimization Method for Distribution of Empty Cars Based on Stock Cost

This paper studies empty car distribution on railroad. The current empty car distribution process and existing shortcomings are analyzed, and the importance of a reliable distribution plan in accelerating car cycling and satisfying customer demands to the greatest extent is stressed. The multicommodity network flow integer plannig model is established on the basis of the stock cost of freight. The additon of the total cost of empty cars movement, substitution cost of types of cars and stock cost of unfulfilled customer consignments is taken as the objective function. The model fully involves car type substitution and satisfies the needs of major clients and goods for empty cars by car type substitution and car origin identification. Computational experiments indicate that the model is able to formulate high-quality empty car distribution plans that may help to improve the quality of goods traffic service.