隧道粉尘颗粒物的危害及控制措施分析

目前我国隧道大规模快速的发展,而钻爆法以其高效、经济的特点在隧道建设过程中起着至关重要的作用。然而,施工期隧道钻孔、爆破、喷射混凝土、出渣等施工工艺都会扬起大量粉尘颗粒物,严重危害现场人员的身体健康,降低施工现场的能见度影响施工效率和安全,同时大量颗粒物加剧机械设备磨损,在一定程度上影响了设备的使用寿命。结合隧道开挖过程,根据粉尘在隧道内分布规律,粉尘产生因素及运移机理,通过比较隧道减尘、降尘、排尘、除尘、阻尘五种控制措施的特点,提出与现场相适应的粉尘颗粒物综合防治措施,从而减小粉尘的危害,提高现场施工环境质量。

Harm of Tunnel Dust Particles and Control Measures

At present,the development tunnels in our country are large-scale and rapidly,and the drilling and blasting method plays a vital role in the process of tunnel construction due to its high efficiency and economic characteristics.However,during the construction period,tunnel drilling,blasting,spraying concrete,slagging and other construction techniques will raise a large amount of dust particles,which will seriously harm the health of on-site personnel,reduce the visibility of the construction site and affect construction efficiency and safety.At the same time,a large number of particles aggravate mechanical equipment.Wear and tear greatly reduces the service life of the equipment.Combining the tunnel excavation process,according to the dust distribution rules in the tunnel,the dust generation factors and the migration mechanism,by comparing the characteristics of the five control measures of tunnel dust reduction,dust reduction,dust exhaust,dust removal,and dust prevention,it is proposed to adapt to the site Comprehensive prevention and control measures for dust particles can reduce the hazards of dust and improve the environmental quality of on-site construction.