在共享单车影响下的公共自行车发展研究

公共自行车作为政府补贴的免费骑行项目，与共享单车相比在供给模式上存在显 著差异，两者具有一定的互补关系.其中明确政府补贴机理，是差异化2 种交通方式、强化两者 互补关系的关键.本文运用多目标规划方法，从政府的效用最大化、企业收益最大化、用户满意 度最大化3 个方面构建三者博弈关系，并以西安市公共自行车系统运营状况为例，分析政府补 贴对用户满意度、企业收益及政府效用等方面的影响.计算结果表明，政府的财政补贴有利于 提高公共自行车企业服务水平、用户满意度；但随着公共自行车使用率的增加，政府的财政压 力加大，用户满意度、企业收益与政府效用呈下降趋势，而共享单车可分担部分用户，减轻政 府及公共自行车运营企业压力.

Public Bicycle Development under the Influence of Bike-sharing

Public bicycle as free-ride project of government subsidies, compared with the bike-sharing in supply mode, has differences and certain complementary relationship. The mechanism of government subsidy is the key to differentiate the two transportations and to strengthen the complementary relationship. Using multi-objective programming method in this paper, to build game relations between the three aspects from the government utility maximization, the enterprise profit maximization, user satisfaction maximization, as a case study of xi 'an public bicycle system operation condition, analyzing the influence of government subsidy to the user satisfaction, corporate earnings and government function, etc. The calculation results show that government subsidies to the benefit to improve service level of public bicycle enterprise and customer satisfaction. But with the increase of public bicycle usage rate, the government's fiscal pressure is increased, and corporate earnings and the government utility are declining. Then bike- sharing can share some user, reduce the pressure of government and the public bicycle operating companies.