保障公益性运输服务的铁路客票管理策略

普速铁路的客运市场可以分为公益性与盈利性两种，区分这两种服务有利于兼顾公平与盈利目标.本文在转运模型的基础上，提出了分离可调配客票管理策略，即在车票预售期开始分别为公益性与普通运输市场分配一定的席位，在发车前(24 h)可以将未售出的公益性客票调配到盈利性市场销售.该策略考虑公益性运输需求的最低服务水平约束与列车能力约束.解析解显示该策略与公益优先的系统目标激励相容，即企业会自发选择高水平的公益性客票供给.算例结果显示该策略能够同时提高公益性需求服务水平与单位客票收入.

Public Service Protection Constrained Railway Seat Inventory Control Policy

The passenger transportation of normal-speed railway contains the profitable service and public service. Distinguishing these two services is good for both fair and profitable objection. Based on the asymmetric transshipment model, this paper provides a policy named separated and delay transferred seat allocation (SDP). That is the seat is allocated to profitable and public service at the beginning of sale period. Before the time of departure, e.g. 24 hours, the unsold public service seat can be transferred to profitable market. This policy also introduces the service-percentage-constraint (SPC) to protect public service demand and the capacity constraint. The results show that SDP can improve the profit and SPS at the meantime.