基于多源数据的北京轨道交通客流特征分析

为提高城市轨道交通成网条件下客流预测与运营管理水平,有必要对轨道交通客流特征进行研究。结合实地调研数据,利用海量的市政交通"一卡通"(IC卡)数据和移动通信定位数据对北京市轨道交通乘客属性特征、时空特征、接驳特征、票价调整影响特征等进行分析,最后对客流需求高增长的北京轨道交通客流特征进行总结。结果表明:北京轨道交通工作日主要服务于中低收入的中青年通勤族,77.25%的乘客轨道交通出行时间在10~60 min之间;轨道交通线路高峰客流有明显的潮汐现象,受职住分离现象的影响,客流空间分布的不均衡性突出;现阶段轨道交通网络发展较为成熟,但仍有部分区域对轨道交通的需求较大;轨道交通站点接驳设施的便利性和完善性程度影响乘客对轨道站点交通方式的选择;在可接受范围内,票价调整对客流的影响在短期内较明显,经过渡期后客流量呈增加趋势。

Passenger Flow Characteristics of Beijing Rail Transit Based on Multi-source Data

In order to improve the accuracy of passenger flow forecasts and the operation management level of urban rail transit networks,it is necessary to study the passenger flow characteristics of rail transit.This paper analyzes the passengers' attributes,the time-space and transferring characteristics as well as fare adjustment impacts of Beijing rail transit,using the field survey data,massive municipal transportation IC card data and mobile positioning data.Finally,it summarizes the characteristics of the increasing passenger flows of Beijing rail transit.The results show that Beijing rail transit mainly serves the middle and low-income commuters who are young or middle-aged on weekdays,and that the travel time of 77.25 ％ passengers is between 10 to 60 minutes.There is obvious tidal flow during peak hours.The imbalance of the space distribution of passenger flows is salient due to home-work separation.The development of rail transit network has reached a mature stage,and it is greatly demanded in some areas.The convenience and integrity of transfer facilities in rail stations has an impact on passengers' travel mode selection.Within the acceptable range,fare adjustment has an obvious short-term influence on passenger flows,but the flows increase after the transition period.