跨国海运公司的经营战略与上海国际航运中心的建设取向

本世纪８０、９０年代崛起的跨国海运公司是当前及可预见未来的世界航运主角，其全球性经营战略的走势，将在很大程度上对世界航运业的发展格局发挥重要的作用，亦将对上海国际航运中心的建设产生深远的影响。对世界上一些著名跨国海运公司的经营战略进行了考察，并就其中具有共性的要点作出了初步的归纳，即：海运航线主干化和全球化，营销网络自营化和当地化，运输工具大型化，物流系统综合化，管理技术信息化和竞争对手联营化。作者指出，鉴于跨国海运公司上述的经营战略要点，上海国际航运中心在建设取向上，一开始就要充分考虑到如何主动顺应这一世界航运业发展的新趋势。换言之，即从现在起，就必须在港。规范科学化、海运辅助服务系统化和航运管理现代化等几个主要方面大作文章，妥为规划，预谋良策。基于此种认识，从宏观的角度提出了一些相应的论证和建议，以供有关方面作为决策参考。

Operating Strategies of Transnational Shipping Corporations and Scheme of Development for the Shanghai International Shipping Center

The transnational shipping corporations that came into being in the 80s and 90s play a main role in the shipping industry and will continue to do so in the foreseeable future.Their global operating strategies, to a great extent, set the general trend for the development of international shipping and have great influence on the building of the Shanghai International Shipping Center.This paper examines the operating strategies of some famous transnational shipping corporations and observes their common ways of operation, which are the establishment and globalization of principal shipping routes, autonomous and localized marketing network, the employment of large shipping vessels comprehensive cargo transportation systems, management with information technology and the establishment of joint ventures with business competitors. Taking these operating strategies into account, the Shanghai international Shipping Center should, from the very beginning, adapt actively to this new mode of operation and make great efforts on harbor development, systematic auxiliary shipping service, and modernization of shipping management. Suggestions concernign the foregoing points are put forward.