中东近代经济转型的动力与条件分析

中东近代经济转型的外部推动力量,来自工业文明的冲击和列强的经济渗透;内在动力是中东的政治精英们在自强意识支配下推行的改革。内外力的综合作用决定着中东能否突破传统农牧业社会的藩篱。像中东这样的“外源型”工业化地区,虽然也存在着有利于经济变革的条件,但经济基础的薄弱、政治因素的影响、严峻的国际竞争环境等,都是极为不利的条件。改革者们急于通过短期的西化改革摆脱落后面貌,但对来自社会内部和外部的阻力和诸多不利因素估计不足,也对经济发展和社会转型的长期性缺少理智而清醒的认识。所以,中东地区各国工业化的过程步履维艰、挫折不断。

Analysis on Conditions and Motive Force of Economic Transition in Modern Middle East

The foreign motive force of economic transition originated from economic infiltration of great powers and conflict of western civilization in the Middle East,while the inner drive came from reforms carried out by political elites motivated by a desire to become stronger.The breakthrough of traditional agricultural society depends on the dance between the inner and foreign drive.Although there are advantageous conditions for economic reform in such "foreign industrial" regions as the Middle East,the weak economic base,political unrest and stern international competition put these areas at a disadvantage.The reformists eager to make their countries wealthy and strong by reform have underestimated foreign and domestic obstructions and various disadvantageous factors,and they failed to recongnize the protracted nature of economic transition.As a result,the modernization in different countries in the Middle East has been slow and has even suffered setbacks.