The role of urban form and transit in city car dependence: Analysis of 26 global cities from 1960 to 2000 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, UK;2. Institute for Transport Studies, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, UK;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, Chile;4. Department of Geography, University of Ghent, Belgium;1. Institute of Transport Economics, Oslo, Norway;2. CTF Service Research Center, Karlstad University, Sweden;1. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. China Sustainable Transportation Center, Room 1903, CITIC Building, Jianguomenwai Avenue, Beijing 100004, China;3. The Energy Foundation Beijing Office, Room 2403, CITIC Building, Jianguomenwai Avenue, Beijing 100004, China |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Car dependence is in decline in most developed cities, but its cause is still unclear as cities struggle with priorities in urban form and transport infrastructure. This paper draws conclusions from analysis of data in 26 cities over the last 40 years of the 20th century. Statistical modelling techniques are applied to urban transport and urban form data, while examining the influence of region, city archetype and individual fixed effects. Structural equation modelling is employed to address causation and understand the direct and indirect effects of selected parameters on per capita vehicle kilometres travelled (VKT). Findings suggest that, while location effects are important, transit service levels and urban density play a significant part in determining urban car use per capita, and causality does flow from these factors towards a city’s levels of private vehicle travel as well as the level of the provision of road capacity. |
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| Keywords: | Transit planning Urban density Car dependence |
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