Brake light cellular automaton model with advanced randomization for traffic breakdown |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Systems Engineering, College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China;2. MOE Key Laboratory for Urban Transportation Complex Systems Theory and Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;1. Dynamic Systems and Simulation Laboratory, Technical University of Crete, 73100 Chania, Greece;2. Institute of Transportation Engineering, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ZheJiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China;1. College of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, PR China;2. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China;3. Institute of Systems Engineering, College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China;4. School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, PR China;1. Volvo Group Trucks Technology, SE-405 08 Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Swedish Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI), SE-417 55 Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Division of Vehicle Engineering & Autonomous Systems, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Traffic breakdown is one of the most important empirical phenomena in traffic flow theory. Unfortunately, it cannot be simulated by many traffic flow models. In order to clarify its mechanism, the new brake light cellular automaton model has been proposed. Comparing with previous brake light models, three different aspects have been considered: (i) drivers tend to take large decelerations if the time gap is smaller than the safe time gap and the leading vehicle’s brake light is on; (ii) the brake light rule is set according to the reality; (iii) the randomization rule is put forward before the acceleration rule to weaken the impact of brake light on driving behaviors. Analyses show that the new model can explain the mechanism of traffic breakdown and the failures of other brake light models. Simulations confirm that all empirical features of traffic breakdown are successfully reproduced. At last, brake light models are calibrated and validated by the I-80 empirical data provided by NGSIM. Results show that the performance of the new model is the best and models in the three-phase theory are not necessarily better than models in the fundamental diagram approach and vice versa, at least for the brake light models. |
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| Keywords: | Cellular automaton Three-phase traffic flow theory Fundamental diagram Brake light |
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