全自动运行系统风险分析技术研究

为了保证城市轨道交通全自动运行(fully automatic operation,FAO)系统整体运行的安全性，提出从FAO的整体系统层面进行安全风险分析的一种技术方法，可以全面识别FAO系统设计的风险。该方法首先运用对比IEC 62267标准差异分析的手段，确定初步危险清单，然后对4类情景要素进行危险情景融合，以便分析每个特定的具象化危害场景，并以此为基础通过半定量的SIL分配技术为各子系统分配定量的安全指标，以便量化其安全需求。考虑到FAO系统场景子系统间交互的复杂性，在分析中运用系统理论过程分析(systems-theoretic processes analysis,STPA)方法进行运营场景危害分析。本方法为FAO系统的各个核心子系统、设备、接口、运维人员、建设单位提出相应的功能安全需求、技术安全需求和运营安全需求。为后续不同工程项目开展FAO大系统层风险分析提供一定的参考价值。

Risk Analysis Technology of Fully Automatic Operation System

To ensure the safe operation of a fully automatic operation (FAO) system in urban rail transit, a technical method for safety risk analysis at the overall system level of the FAO system is proposed. The method can comprehensively identify the risks of the FAO system design. This method first compares the differences with the IEC 62267 standard to determine the preliminary risk list and then conducts risk scenario fusion of the four types of scenario elements to analyze each specific concrete hazard scenario. Based on this, a semiquantitative SIL allocation technique is used to assign quantitative safety indices to each subsystem to quantify its safety requirements. Considering the complexity of the interaction between the scene subsystems of the FAO system, the system-theoretic process analysis (STPA) method is used to analyze the hazards of the operation scene. This method proposes the corresponding functional, technical, and operational safety requirements for each core subsystem, equipment, interface, O&M, and construction of the FAO system. This provides a reference value for subsequent engineering projects to conduct risk analysis at the overall FAO system level.