城市交通拥挤的社会成本分析初探

交通拥挤的社会成本可分为生产成本、使用成本、时间耗费成本及外部成本，本文在定性分析的基础上，对使用成本和时间耗费成本做了定量分析，给出了计算公式，并通过对大连市西南路某路段在拥挤时段的调查，计算出了居民出行时间成本的损失和城市交通使用成本的损失，这一结果可以推广到整条道路或区域路网，从而为城市交通的良性发展和减少经济损失等方面提供了有效的理论依据。

The Social Cost Analysis of Traffic Congestion

The social costs of traffic congestion can be divided into production cost, use cost, tlme-consuming cost and external cost. On the basis of qualitative analysis, the paper makes a quantitative analysis of use cost and time-consuming cost, put forward its formula. Through the survey to a section of Southwest Road in Dalian during rush hours, it calculates the cost losses of resident travel time and urban traffic use. This result can be extended to the full length or regional road network, so as to provide an effective theory for the healthy development of urban traffic and reduction of economic losses.