混合下单模式下在线餐饮订单配送优化模型

针对在线餐饮订单量激增及订单到达非均匀分布导致的调度不合理与资源浪费等问题，提出顾客提前下单与动态实时下单相结合的下单模式，研究此模式下订单配送优化. 考虑在线餐饮订单配送优化具有的动态VRP和多回程VRP属性，以最小化配送成本为目标，建立带有软时间窗的整数规划模型. 设计基于插入算法和2-opt 邻域搜索的混合启发式算法求解模型. 通过算例，分析提前下单顾客比例、提前下单时长等因素的影响. 结果表明，单个因素的增加会降低配送成本，当两者同时增加，因系统达到饱和使配送成本不升反降，因此要调整措施使顾客下单情况与系统配送能力相适应.

Optimization Model of Online Catering Order Delivery under Mixed Order Mode

In order to solve the problem of unreasonable scheduling and resource waste caused by the surge and uneven distribution of online catering orders, this paper puts forward an order mode combining advance and dynamic real-time ordering, and studies the order delivery optimization under this mode. Considering the dynamic VRP and multi-trip VRP attributes of online catering order delivery optimization, an integer programming model with soft time windows was developed to minimize the total delivery cost. To solve the model, a hybrid heuristic algorithm based on insertion algorithm and 2-opt local search was designed. Numerical experiments were provided to analyze the influence of factors including the proportion of advance ordering customers and the length of advance time. The results show that any factor' s increase can reduce the delivery cost. However, when two factors increase at the same time, the system becomes saturated and the delivery costs do not rise but fall. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust measures to make the customer order status match the system' s distribution capability.