基于声发射检测的钢轨断裂实时监测及定位方法研究

基于钢轨断裂实时监测技术对有效保障列车运行安全的重要性,以铁路常用的60 kg轨道为研究对象,以声发射检测技术为基础,经试验分析轨道断裂的声发射信号特征,有效区分列车运行引入的声发射信号。搭建监测系统,通过断轨检测模拟试验,验证该方法的有效性和准确性,并通过TDOA算法实现对断裂的定位。研究结果表明:轨道断裂会产生明显的声发射信号,且断裂声发射信号特征主频在100~160 kHz,声压幅值高,且在时域上存在明显的突发性;其特征与列车运行特征存在明显区别,可有效实现实时断轨监测;利用TDOA方法实现轨道断裂位置的确定,定位精度优于±20cm。研究结果为轨道断轨检测提供了有效的参考依据,对轨道交通运行安全的技术发展具有十分重要的意义。

Study on real-time detection and location method for rail broken based on acoustic emission

It is very important to study the railway broken real-time detection and location method for train moving safety. The 60 kg railway as the studying object, the broken railway detection method was researched based on the acoustic emission technology. Through experimentation, the railway broken acoustic emission signal characters were analyzed for distinguishing the signal of the train running on the railway. And then, the real-time detection system was established and the detection method was accurate and effective through the simulation experimentation of the railway broken testing. At the same time, the railway broken position was shown by the TDOA arithmetic. The research conclusions indicate that railway broken accident can produce the acoustic emission signal transmitting along the railway, and this signal main frequency and power are between 100 kHz and 160 kHz, and the sound pressure is very high. Then, the signal has the paroxysmal character in the time field, and the railway broken acoustic emission signal is very different from the train running signal. And then the TDOA arithmetic can locate the railway broken position, and the method location accuracy is ±20 mm. The results can provide the references for the railway broken detection method, and It is very significative for railway and train running safety detection.