基于有限元仿真的列车-桥梁防护墙碰撞研究

针对桥梁防护墙防护能力研究较为匮乏的现状,基于有限元理论,运用Hypermesh软件建立有砟无砟轨道桥梁上动车组头车与防护墙碰撞的有限元模型,采用数值仿真方法对动车组头车碰撞防护墙过程进行分析和研究,获得不同速度和不同冲角碰撞工况下防护墙的受力与变形及列车运行轨迹的变化。研究结果表明:动车组头车以较低速度、较小冲角碰撞防护墙时,防护墙受损破坏程度较轻;当碰撞速度较高、冲角较大时,防护墙受损程度较重,头车有轻微爬墙现象。加高防护墙后建立相关工况下的碰撞模型进行仿真计算,通过分析其碰撞过程和碰撞力、头车偏转角及速度随时间的变化情况,发现增高后的防护墙能有效抑制列车爬墙现象,列车运行稳定性较好。

Study on train-bridge protecting wall collision based on finite element simulation

The research on protection capability of bridge protecting wall structure is scarce, and the actual vehicle experiment is almost zero. Based on the finite element theory, the model of the collision between the train and the protecting wall on the unballasted track was established by Hypermesh. The process of collision was analyzed and studied by numerical simulation method. After analysis and research, the force and deformation of the protecting wall and the motion character of the train under different speeds and different angles of impact were obtained. The results show that when the train collides with the protecting wall at a lower speed and a smaller angle of attack, the protecting wall is less damaged. When the collision speed is higher and the angle of attack is larger, the protecting wall is more damaged, and the train has a slight climbing phenomenon. But it can still play a role of limiting guidance for derailed trains. After the protecting wall is raised, the collision model under the relevant working conditions is established for simulation calculation. It is found that the increased protecting wall can effectively inhibit the train from climbing the wall by analyzing the collision process, the impact force, the deflection angle and the speed. The train has better running stability.