Short-term planning and policy interventions to promote cycling in urban centers: Findings from a commute mode choice analysis in Barcelona,Spain |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA;2. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain;3. CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain;4. Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain;5. Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA;6. Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA;7. Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;1. Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;2. Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA;3. Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA;4. Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA;1. Department of Pediatrics and Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;2. Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington;3. Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Health Disparities Research Center, Seattle, Washington;4. Cascade Bicycle Club, Seattle, Washington;5. Bike Works, Seattle, Washington;6. Seattle Public Schools, Seattle, Washington;7. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California;8. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California;1. Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States;2. Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, United States |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
BackgroundCycling for transportation has become an increasingly important component of strategies to address public health, climate change, and air quality concerns in urban centers. Within this context, planners and policy makers would benefit from an improved understanding of available interventions and their relative effectiveness for cycling promotion. We examined predictors of bicycle commuting that are relevant to planning and policy intervention, particularly those amenable to short- and medium-term action.MethodsWe estimated a travel mode choice model using data from a survey of 765 commuters who live and work within the municipality of Barcelona. We considered how the decision to commute by bicycle was associated with cycling infrastructure, bike share availability, travel demand incentives, and other environmental attributes (e.g., public transport availability). Self-reported and objective (GIS-based) measures were compared. Point elasticities and marginal effects were calculated to assess the relative explanatory power of the independent variables considered.ResultsWhile both self-reported and objective measures of access to cycling infrastructure were associated with bicycle commuting, self-reported measures had stronger associations. Bicycle commuting had positive associations with access to bike share stations but inverse associations with access to public transport stops. Point elasticities suggested that bicycle commuting has a mild negative correlation with public transport availability (−0.136), bike share availability is more important at the work location (0.077) than at home (0.034), and bicycle lane presence has a relatively small association with bicycle commuting (0.039). Marginal effects suggested that provision of an employer-based incentive not to commute by private vehicle would be associated with an 11.3% decrease in the probability of commuting by bicycle, likely reflecting the typical emphasis of such incentives on public transport.ConclusionsThe results provide evidence of modal competition between cycling and public transport, through the presence of public transport stops and the provision of public transport-oriented travel demand incentives. Education and awareness campaigns that influence perceptions of cycling infrastructure availability, travel demand incentives that encourage cycling, and policies that integrate public transport and cycling may be promising and cost-effective strategies to promote cycling in the short to medium term. |
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| Keywords: | Cycling Infrastructure Policy Programs Bike share Built environment |
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