减少小汽车出行的波特兰多方式交通体系建设

基于对美国波特兰大都市区交通与土地利用相关规划及政策文献的梳理,剖析了波特兰都市区构建多方式交通体系所采取的主要规划思想、政策手段及创新实践。指出波特兰都市区多方式交通体系建设的核心思想是减少对小汽车出行的依赖,并通过人均车公里等量化指标衡量、评估这种依赖程度的变化。同时,辅以城市增长控制、交通与土地利用整合以及广泛的公众参与和机构协调等政策,转变对小汽车交通发展的认识,加强交通需求管理。此外,极力提升公共交通、自行车和步行交通的品质,并就不同交通方式间的衔接换乘进行整合,从而使波特兰交通系统朝既定的多方式目标稳步推进。

Reducing the Reliance on Automobiles: Portland Multi-modal Transportation System Development

By reviewing relevant literature on transportation system planning and land-use policies of Portland Metropolitan Region, this paper investigates plan- ning ideas, policy measures and innovative practices during the Portland multi-modal transportation development. The paper shows that the key idea of Portland multi-modal transportation planning is to reduce the reliance on automo- biles, which is assessed by quantitative indicators such as per capita vehicle miles traveled. In addition, with the assistance from a series of supportive policies in- cluding urban growth control, transportation-land use integration, public participa- tion, and inter-agency coordination, Portland is implementing two-fold steps to move its multi-modal transportation system forward. One is to transform the atti- tude to automobile transportation development and enhance traffic demand man- agement; and the other is to improve service quality of transit, cycling and walk- ing and facilitate seamless transfers among different modes.