高黎贡山隧道1#高地温斜井降温处理技术研究及比选

为解决高地温隧道工程中存在的作业环境差、机械设备故障多、劳动生产率低等高温热害问题,以大瑞铁路高黎贡山隧道1#长大斜井为背景，进行技术研究和降温方案比选。首先,分析热水源、监测隧道洞内外气象条件，通过加强通风措施改善人体的舒适度。其次，采用注浆封堵热水源，减少热水流量，控制施工环境的湿度和温度；采用冰块+射流风机+快热交换的处理措施，冰块吸收隧道内热量，降低局部环境温度；采用机械制冷设备进行强制降温，改善热害隧道施工环境；综合优化资源配置，采用增加作业人员和设备数量，倒班作业，缩短人员和设备作业时长等多种处理措施。最后，分析各种降温措施能够达到的施工效果。结果证明，针对以围岩、热水为主要热源的高地温隧道施工，采用“通风降温+注浆堵水+机械降温+合理施工组织”的处理方案，符合高地温隧道施工的技术要求。

Study on Comprehensive Cooling Technology for High Ground Temperature in Long and Large Inclined Shaft of Dali Ruili Railway

High ground temperature tunnels are often accompanied by high temperature heat harms, i.e. poor working environment, frequent machinery malfunctions, low labor productivity, etc. Hence, a series of temperature lowering solutions are studied and compared for #1 inclined shaft in Gaoligongshan Tunnel of Dali Ruili Railway. First, the hot water sources are analyzed, the meteorologic conditions in and out of tunnel are monitored, and the ventilation measures are strengthened to improve the comfort degree of human body. Second, the heat dissipation is reduced by grouting sealing the hot water sources, and further to effectively control the temperature and humidity of environment. Third, the ice cubes and jet fans are adopted to speed up heat exchange and absorb heat energy, so as to decrease ambient temperature. Fourth, the mechanical cooling method by using refrigerating equipments is adopted to reduce the temperature inside the tunnel. Fifth, the resource allocation measures, i.e. increasing the number of workers and equipments, shortening the working hours of workers and equipments, and schedule shift work, are comprehensively optimized. Finally, the effects of these cooling measures are analyzed, and the analytical results show that the combination of ventilation, grouting sealing, mechanical cooling and rational construction organization can reduce and even eliminate heat harms induced by high ground temperature in tunnel with surrounding rocks and hot water as heat sources.