市场力量驱动形成的 TOD 廊道 ——以泰国曼谷为例

在市场力量的驱动下，城市轨道交通基础设施的建设会通过土地增值给沿线土地利用产生深刻的影响。泰 国曼谷的城市轨道交通建设始于上世纪 90 年代，当时旨在解决曼谷市区主要交通廊道严重的汽车拥堵问题，并没 有在规划上引导土地利用效率的提升。然而，在强大的市场力量驱动下，轨道交通沿线的土地利用在近 20 年间发 生了深刻的变化。通过基于遥感影像的用地变化分析，以贯穿城市中心的、完全民营的“曼谷捷运系统公司”(BTS) 线路为考察对象，研究轨道交通带动的土地和房产再开发特征、与土地利用功能和密度的转变，阐述轨道交通沿线 土地的增值过程。以 BTS 核心段为例阐述市场驱动下立体 TOD(transit-oriented development，以公共交通为导向的开 发)廊道的形成过程，并分析步行廊道可达性的提升对于城市中心商业繁荣的影响。通过分析曼谷案例，揭示了市场 力量在交通与土地利用演变中的作用以及市场力量驱动下由房地产业主自发的 TOD 带动城市更新过程，并据此讨 论了基于市场的 TOD 廊道规划对交通与土地利用相互关系的优化作用。

The Formation of Market-Driven TOD Corridors: A Case Study of Bangkok in Thailand

Driven by market forces, the development of urban rail transit can induce the formation of TOD (transit-oriented development) corridors. The development of urban rail transit system in Bangkok started in the 1990s. It was planned and designed to alleviate the severe traffic congestion in the central part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, without consideration and plan to guide land use efficiency improvement. However, driven by strong market forces, the land use patterns along the rail transit corridors have undergone profound changes over the past two decades. By tracking the land use change based on remote sensing data, this study explores the characteristics of real estate redevelopment, the changes of land use functions and densities along the rail transit TOD corridors, and the process of land value uplift. It also analyses the establishment process of TOD corridor by taking the central part of BTS lines as an example, and explores the impact of walking accessibility improvement on the viability of businesses in the central city. Through the case study of Bangkok, the study reveals how the market forces underpin the transport and land use interaction and drive urban regeneration process spontaneously. It also discusses market-based TOD planning approach, and its role in optimizing the relationship between transportation and land use.