地铁车站自然通风模型实验研究

自然通风作为一种节能措施，在民用建筑中已经得到广泛利用，对于在地铁工程中的应用前景和效果值 得深入研究。以重庆地铁 1 号线沙坪坝站为原型，通过搭建地铁车站自然通风模型实验台，模拟运行公共区内多 个典型工况，对不同工况下的自然通风规模进行测试。测试结果显示：热压是地铁车站自然通风的主要动力之一， 且出入口之间的高差对其影响有限；自然通风的路径主要由出入口通道—站厅层—出入口通道组成，流经站台层 的规模较小；同时适度增加出入口数量，可以增加自然通风量，有效促进自然通风的效能。根据测试结果提出相 应的设计和运行建议，为非空调季节充分利用自然风节能提供可行性依据。

A Model Test Study on the Natural Ventilation Characteristic of a Subway Station

As an energy-saving measure, natural ventilation has been widely used in civil buildings, and its application prospects and effects in subway engineering are worthy of further study. Taking the Shapingba Station of Chongqing Metro Line 1 as the prototype, the natural ventilation scale of the subway station under different working conditions was tested by building a natural ventilation model test platform of the subway station and simulating several typical working conditions in a public area. The test results show that hot-pressing is one of the main driving forces of the natural ventilation of a subway station, and the height difference between the subway exits has a limited influence on it. The natural ventilation path is mainly composed of the subway exit, station hall layer, and subway exit, and the scale of the natural ventilation flowing through the platform layer is small. An appropriate increase in the number of exits can increase the natural ventilation and effectively promote natural ventilation efficiency. According to the test results, the corresponding design and operation suggestions are proposed, and a feasibility basis for making full use of natural wind energy saving in non-air-conditioned seasons is proposed.