国内外铁路货车端墙侧压力标准研究与发展(1)

在铁路货车设计中,确定散粒货物对货车端墙和侧墙的侧压力,一直是颇有争议的关键难题之一。如果对端墙的侧压力值及其分布规律认识不清,可能会将端墙设计载荷取得过小,导致因强度不足而影响到货物运输的安全。研究端墙的散粒货物侧压力值及其分布规律,可明确端墙设计载荷,提高货车运用可靠性,尤其在目前货车朝着重载提速方向发展的过程中具有重要的现实意义。在系统介绍俄罗斯、北美、澳大利亚、日本铁路货车侧压力标准研究的情况和演变发展,并总结各阶段货车侧压力相关技术规范特点的基础上,对比分析我国与国外的现行标准的差异,总结侧压力研究规律与趋势,为我国铁路货车侧压力标准研究与修订提供指导和依据。

Research on the Domestic and Foreign Standards of Sidewise Pressure on the End Wall of Railway Freight Car

In the design of railway freight cars, it is always one of the major controversial and difficult topics how to decide the sidewise pressure on the end walls and lateral walls by the bulk goods. If the value of the sidewise pressure on the end walls and the distribution laws of the pressure are not clearly grasped, the load capacity of the end walls might be designed at a too low level and then the safety of freight transport might be influenced due to the insufficient strength of the end walls. By studying the value of the sidewise pressure on the end walls and the distribution laws. the load capacity of the end walls can be clearly defined, and then the reliability of the freight cars can also be improved, especially during the course of developing towards heavy haul, speeding up, it has very important realistic significance. After systematically introducing the researches and evolutions of the standards on the sidewise pressure of railway freight cars in Russia, North America, Australia. Japan. and on the basis of summarizing the feathers of the technical regulations in each of the development stages, the author compares and analyzes the differences in the current domestic and foreign standards, summarizes the regular pattern and trend of the researches, and gives directions and basis for the research and modification of the standards of sidewise pressure on the end walls of China railway freight ears.